CSF1 and neoplasm: In the tumor TME, TAMs survival depends on the CSF1/CSF1R pathway, blocking CSF1/CSF1R has been proven to significantly reduce macrophage recruitment and M2 phenotype polarization and activates CD8+ T cells, thereby sensitizing tumor to ICI and prolonged survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma [122].