ALB and diabetic kidney disease: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common chronic microvascular complication of diabetes that is now a major cause of CKD and end-stage renal disease, manifested mainly by a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml-min -1-(1.73 m2)-1 that persists for more than 3 months.