RBP4 and chronic kidney disease: In the area of chronic kidney disease, Shao, B. [32] reported increased levels of β2-microglobulin (B2M), alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (AMBP), cystatin-C (CST3), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and complement factor D (CFD) in HDL particles from chronic renal failure patients, while Mangé et al. [33] found 21 decreased and 19 increased proteins in concentration in HDL particles from hemodialysis patients.