IRS1 and Insulin resistance: Increased levels of glycerol increase IL-6 and β-hydroxybutyrate, and β-hydroxybutyrate lowers blood glucose, while The inflammatory factor IL-6 leads to impaired phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1, resulting in insulin resistance (a 1 ng/ml increase in IL-6 is associated with a 0.7% increase in insulin resistance) [28, 29].