Neck cell differentiation-related group C contained TFs such as Hes1, Pbx1, and Spdef, whereas isthmus progenitor cell-related group D again contained gastric tumor-related TFs such as Dnmt1 and Foxm1 (Supplementary Fig. 10c and Supplementary Data 3 and 6). The gene discussed is SPDEF; the disease is gastric neoplasm.