MALAT1 and cancer: Researchers from the School of Public Health and Medicine University of Wisconsin, USA have proposed that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and anaplastic TC (ATC) release lncRNAs (HOTAIR, lincROR, MALAT1, and PVT1) transferred by the exosome and therefore help to induct EMT, modulate host immunity to escape immune response, and inculcate the TME to form a metastatic niche (Hardin et al., 2018).