To cover the main steps in the IBD pathogenesis for therapy response analysis, we also included markers of gut barrier damage (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP)) and members of the IL-1 family (IL-18, IL-33), which are known to play a role in the barrier immunity as well as in the etiology of several inflammatory disorders, including IBD [26, 27]. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and inflammatory bowel disease.