Pathway activity in both TAM populations was analyzed by gene set variation analysis (GSVA), revealing strong enrichment of tumor vasculature, tumor angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulator pathways in C1QC+ TAMs, while complement activation and cytokine pathways were significantly enriched in VCAN+ TAMs (Supplementary Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene VCAN and neoplasm.