Moreover, we cultured mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells (mPTCs) and rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK‐49F cells) and stimulated the cells with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) to mimic the pathological conditions of CKD in vitro.[16] Accordingly, increasing expression of TP53RK was also observed in both cell lines (Figure 1K,L). Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.