TRIM32 and cancer: It has been shown in previous studies that the E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as RNF146, TRIM11, TRIM32, TRIM54, TRIM65 and UBE3C promote various cancers by triggering Wnt/β-catenin signaling via degradation of Axin1 [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27].