Moreover, α1-antitrypsin (encoded by SERPINA1), an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, whose gene variants are associated with severity of fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis (Basyte-Bacevice et al., 2019; Semmler et al., 2021), was also upregulated in aged liver (Fig. 4F; Table S5). Here, SERPINA1 is linked to fatty liver disease.