CD40 and infection: We previously showed that CD40 signaling exerts a rapid and broadly antiviral effect in cultured primary pMφs and reduces virus load at 24 h following the intraperitoneal (i.p.)infection of mice with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) bearing the Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (rVSV-EBOV GP) [9].