IFNG and tuberculosis: Here, corroborating other studies [20,50,51,52,53], we found the plasma levels of TNF-α to be comparable in patients with HIV-1 and with TB monoinfections, but significantly decreased in patients with HIV-1/TB coinfection, although they did not reach significance in distinguishing coinfection from monoinfections (p = 0.06), as plasma levels of IFN-γ did.