Our recent study of the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve patients with a dual infection of HIV/TB at the late stages of HIV infection, with previously untreated HIV in the process of receiving antiretroviral (ART) and TB treatment compared to cohorts of patients with HIV and TB monoinfections, revealed an increase in proinflammatory markers such as IL-6, and at the same time, in IL-1Ra [20], which is a natural inhibitor of the proinflammatory effect of IL-1β [21]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.