TNF and familial primary hypomagnesemia: Animal studies have shown that hypomagnesemia is linked to elevated levels of IL6 and TNF-α, as well as increased activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells [4,35,36,37,38], while magnesium administration protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal septic shock, by blocking gasdermin-D N-terminal-induced pyroptosis [39].