PTGS2 and congenital rubella syndrome: As depicted in Figure 7A–C, one-way ANOVA revealed significant group differences in the hippocampal content of PGE2 [F (3, 20) = 22.51, p < 0.0001], TNF-α [F (3, 20) = 40.06, p < 0.0001], and IL-1β [F (3, 20) = 50.23, p < 0.0001] alongside COX-2 protein expression [F (3, 8) = 20.17, p < 0.01] seen in Figure 6G. When compared to the control animals, CRS significantly elevated hippocampal PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β (p < 0.0001, Tukey post hoc test) alongside COX-2 protein expression (p < 0.01, Tukey post hoc test) by 96.6%, 176.1%, 189.3%, and 125.1%, respectively.