ADSS1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: In spinal muscular atrophy type 3 (SMA III) skeletal muscle, IDH2 and ADSSL1 are the only under-expressed genes [66] and are associated with a mosaic atrophy and hypertrophy phenotype not too dissimilar from that observed in DMD, where intact muscle fibers hypertrophy to compensate for the loss of strength incurred by atrophying myofibers.