For example, ligation of TLR/IL-1R activates IRAK4, the primary kinase that could trigger the innate immune response, and activates the TAK1/IKK/NF-κB pathway, ultimately upregulating PD-L1 and HAS2, and driving dysfunction and the exhaustion of T-cell anti-tumor immunity and resistance to ICB [146]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.