GPBAR1 and diabetes mellitus: In addition, IF can also promote the production of tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), the metabolites of intestinal microorganisms, by remodeling the intestinal flora of diabetes mice, thereby promoting the activation of TGR5, the receptor of TUDCA, and down-regulating the TNF-α mRNA expression of β-lactamase protects the retina of diabetes-model mice [91].