TNF and triple-negative breast carcinoma: Mendonca et al. [38] found that PGG inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-activated CXCL1/GRO-α expression by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines.