MAPK8 and cancer: Indeed, JNK signaling is involved in a wide range of diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, insulin resistance, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, stroke, renal ischemia, essential hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21].