STUB1 and diabetes mellitus: They suggested that despite conventional CVD risk factors such as smoking, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease (HR 1.8–2.0), ischemic stroke (HR 2.6) and early heart attack (HR 4.0) were more likely to occur in patients with CHIP mutations [11,12,22].