PLOD1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The underlying causes of PCOS include increased frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), increased secretion of LH and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a reduction of FSH concentration, insulin resistance via a post-receptor defect, and obesity that increases the risk of menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism [5,6,7,8].