TNF and COVID-19: Lowery et al. [29] described the kinetics of the innate immune system, demonstrating that COVID-19 pathophysiology depends on the so-called cytokine storm, with production of cytokines and chemokines (TNF, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5 and IFN-II), and/or the lack of early IFN-I and IFN-III expression.