A recent study by Greenberg et al. [26] examined urinary NGAL and other markers (IL-18, KIM-1, MCP-1, YKL-40) in a cohort of children 5 years after cardiac surgery divided into two groups (AKI vs. no AKI), revealed that uNGAL and uIL-18 were rising within 24 h post cardiopulmonary bypass with a drop in the next days. Here, IL18 is linked to acute kidney injury.