CD109 and central nervous system cancer: In addition, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling regulated by CD109 upregulate tumor initiation and the radioresistance of glioma stem-like cells and promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness properties of lung adenocarcinomas, leading to metastasis [33,34].