TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: The same study also demonstrated that, by inhibiting a part of the TGF-β signalling cascade during experimental schistosomiasis mansoni, there was no change in the development of fibrosis or the production of IL-13, suggesting that the process of liver fibrosis induced by S. mansoni infections, while dependent on IL-13, is TGF-β-independent.