Through paracrine signaling, VEGF secreted by tumor cells can stimulate D2R expression by activating the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling cascade and increasing Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) expression in endothelial cells (Figure 2) [79]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.