FOS and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Both LMP1 and LMP2 initiate and activate ERK-MAPK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB JNK/p38-SAPK, and PI3-K/Akt signal transduction pathways that affect undesirable phenotypic changes, including upregulation of c-Fos, c-Myc, and c-jun proto-oncogenes in NPC [6,7].