Moreover, COVID-19 patients who died exhibited significantly elevated levels of IFN-α, IFN-λ, and IL-1Ra, as well as chemokines associated with monocytes and T cell recruitment and survival such as CCL1, CLL2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-2, IL-16, and CCL21, within the first 12 days from symptom onset [57]. Here, CSF1 is linked to COVID-19.