Genes in DCs following NiO treatment corresponded to the following pathways: chemokine signaling, cytosolic DNA-sensing, rheumatoid arthritis, Toll-like receptor signaling, Jak-STAT signaling, inflammatory bowel disease, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, type I diabetes mellitus, asthma, PI3K-Akt signaling, and T cell receptor signaling (Table 2). Here, AKT1 is linked to asthma.