Recently, it was shown that chronic consumption of a diet enriched in refined carbohydrates (HC) induces anxiety in mice [279], as with the case of HFD and obesity; mice chronically fed with HC had increased cytokine levels in the hippocampus and also increased nitrites in the PFC and hippocampus, an effect due to the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by microglia, leading to overproduction of NO [279]. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.