NF-κB signaling is important in the activation of gliosis associated with obesity; for example, acute (24 h) or chronic (6 weeks) feeding with a HFD + high sugar diet (HSD) was unable to induce hypothalamic inflammation in mice where NF-κB signaling was inhibited in GFAP-positive cells (mainly astrocytes) [50,62]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.