CPA1 and gallstones: Pancreatitis, characterized by inflammation, ADM and fibrosis of the pancreas, can be caused by obstructions such as gallstones migration, by chronic alcohol consumption or by genetic risk factors with mutations occurring in genes encoding acinar digestive enzymes or their inhibitors such as cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), and carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) [50].