BAX and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The present study showed that administration of EPE to both S-NOD and Cyp-NOD mice decreased insulitis and lowered the incidence of T1D and its underling mechanism of actions due to the transformation from Th1 and its cytokines to Th2 and its cytokines, and thus contributed to an increase in ratios (%) Bcl-2/Bax to avoid the destruction of pancreas β cells.