TGFB1 and bacterial infectious disease with sepsis: The results show that fewer shrunken neurons with pyknotic nuclei were found in mice that received NMEC with TGF-β via the tail vein, and TGF-β did not affect the development of bacteremia (Figure 4a and Figure S4), meaning that TGF-β could be a strong candidate as a future adjunctive therapy in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.