D-pinitol lowered tau phosphorylation by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activity in mouse brain [97] and activated the insulin signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt in rat hypothalamus [98], suggesting D-pinitol as a potential drug for the treatment of neurological disorders such as dementia. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is dementia.