In a seminal murine tumor study examining the overexpression of ATX and LPAR1, LPAR2, and LPAR3 in a mouse mammary tumor virus model, the LPAR2-overexpressing model had the highest tumorgenicity rate at 52.8%, followed by ATX at 50.0%, LPAR3 at 42.3%, and LPAR1 at 32.0% [44]. This evidence concerns the gene ENPP2 and neoplasm.