Experimental data and clinical observations also suggest that female sex could be a predisposing factor for ICI-myocarditis through the inhibition of estradiol-dependent expression of MANF (Mesencephalic Astrocyte Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and HSPA5 (Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein 5) in the heart during treatment [156,157]. Here, MANF is linked to myocarditis.