In a recent observational study in 970 patients with type-2 diabetes and no or mild kidney disease and a mean follow up of 1.2 years, baseline serum CN1 concentrations were associated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at baseline and predicted renal function impairment; CN1 activity correlated with HbA1c [28]. The gene discussed is CNDP1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.