MTOR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Figure 6B,C showed that the induction of T2DM caused an elevated expression of mTOR but inhibited GLP-1 compared to the control. Compared with the diabetic group, the treatment with Lip-BBR and/or Vild caused a substantial downregulation of mTOR and significant (p < 0.0001) upregulation of AMPK and GLP-1, but the effects were pronounced in the combination treatment group, which received Vild (5 mg/kg b.wt) concurrently with Lip-BBR.