HMOX1 and renal carcinoma: Chakraborty et al. determined that the cytoprotective effect of the c-Met-HGF-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway in sorafenib-treated renal cancer cells was mainly implicated in the reduction in ROS generation, promotion of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, and downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression, which ultimately led to apoptosis resistance [193].