HMOX1 and prostate carcinoma: A more recent study illustrated that exosomes may serve as the basis for HO-1-involved intracellular communication because androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cell-derived exosomes activated HMOX1 expression in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells in vivo and in vitro, which promoted the transformation of ADPC cells to AIPC cells and the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer [140].