HES1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The use of ticagrelor on top of aspirin, for at least one month, in CAD patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) showed a significant reduction in the apoptosis rate and ROS production when patients’ serum was added to HUVECs [152]; moreover, an increased expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and hairy enhancer of split-1 transcription factor (HES-1), two antioxidant transcription factors, was shown [153].