Under conditions of hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipidemia, Drp1 is phosphorylated by Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which leads to its translocation to the OMM and the initiation of fission [75,89]. Here, ROCK1 is linked to hyperlipidemia.