When analyzing a RA cohort (163 patients with RA who underwent anti-TNF therapy), Nakashita et al. demonstrated a potential risk of ILD events (progression) in patients with pre-existing ILD: 24.1% of the patients with pre-existing ILD had subsequent ILD events, whilst only 3% of the patients without pre-existing ILD registered such events (still a higher proportion than the one reported by the post-marketing studies). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.