Fourteen patients (8 PD-L1hi and 6 PD-L1lo) had computable Treg and exhausted CD8+ T cells in NND analysis, and Tregs and exhausted CD8+ T cells in the PD-L1hi group were located closer to tumour cells than those in the PD-L1lo group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.181 and 0.081, respectively) (Figure 4E,F). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.