Vacuolar-protein-sorting-associated protein 28 (VPS28), vacuolar-protein-sorting-associated protein 37D (VPS37D) and tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101) are components of the ESCRT-l complex and were significantly downregulated in the sEV fractions of patients with a first bladder cancer diagnosis. Here, VPS28 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.