NLRP3 and ischemia: In the present study, we explored the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of HSon ischemia-induced brain injury in vivo and in vitro for the first time to demonstrate that (1) HS treatment contributes to the restoration of brain function by reducing infarct volume, improving neurological recovery, and increasing cerebral blood flow in a dMCAO mouse model; and that (2) HS inhibits inflammation via the ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway after cerebral ischemic damage.