TNF and Anorexia: In our study, goats administered a TNBS–ethanol solution (1.2 mL; 30 mg TNBS dissolved in 40% ethanol) into their ileal walls via laparotomy-exhibited gastrointestinal signs and symptoms such as anorexia, diarrhea, and weight loss, as well as significant pathologic changes and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α on day 7 compared with goats treated with saline.