CXCL12 and neoplasm: These infiltrated immune cells and solid tumor cells release tumor-progressing cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL18, CXCL8, CXCL12), and growth factors (EGF, PGF, IGF-1, IGF-2, PDGF) that promote tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive [56].