Our laboratory also contributed to this by demonstrating that radiotherapy-induced overexpression of exosomal miRNA-378a-3p in cancer cells limits the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells [12] and by reporting that anti-PD1 therapy induces the release of lymphocyte-derived exosomal miRNA-4315, thereby inhibiting Bim-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells [13]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.