Figure 3 demonstrates the mechanisms whereby BRAF inhibitors induce TGF-β release in melanoma cells and the biological consequences of TGF-β on the conversion of fibroblasts into CAFs and the promotion of CAFs to release their specific factors and mediators to trigger the suppression of the adaptive immune system, ECM remodeling, melanoma progression, and treatment resistance. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.